Harm Reduction in North Dakota
North Dakota has five syringe service programs, each tied to a local public health unit. A 2021 law, House Bill 1163, broadly defined "supplies" to include needles, syringes, prep equipment, wound care items, test strips, and naloxone, and specifically excluded all of it from the paraphernalia definition when it comes from or is returned to one of these programs. Outside that context, though, the picture is different: North Dakota is one of just five states where drug-checking equipment in general remains arguably illegal to possess, since paraphernalia law still technically covers testing equipment on its own. Naloxone is available through pharmacist prescriptive authority, and North Dakota's Good Samaritan law encourages friends, family, and bystanders to call 911 during an overdose without fear of prosecution.
All five of North Dakota's syringe service programs receive State Opioid Response funding, which they use specifically to purchase fentanyl and xylazine test strips and to connect participants to testing and treatment. Twenty-seven local public health units and three of the state's federally recognized tribes carry out opioid response activities with that same SOR funding, and North Dakota State University's School of Pharmacy runs the ONE (Opioid and Naloxone Education) Program, training pharmacies statewide to screen for opioid risk.
Because test strip legality depends on whether it came through a registered program, getting supplies through one of the five official syringe service programs, not just any pharmacy, is the safer path in North Dakota specifically.
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Last reviewed September 2026 by Penny Beach, PRS.