What is Harm Reduction?
Harm reduction is a set of practical strategies and ideas aimed at reducing negative consequences associated with drug use. Harm reduction is also a movement for social justice built on a belief in, and respect for, the rights of people who use drugs.
Harm reduction incorporates a spectrum of strategies that includes safer use, managed use, abstinence, and meeting people who use drugs "where they're at," addressing conditions and focusing on the individual rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all approach.
The movement recognizes that not everyone is ready or able to stop using drugs, but there are still ways to reduce the harms associated with use while maintaining dignity and respect for the individual.
Core Principles of Harm Reduction
Accepts People Where They Are
Meets people at their current stage without judgment, whether they're actively using, reducing use, or seeking abstinence.
Recognizes Realities of Inequity
Acknowledges the impact of poverty, racism, social isolation, and other inequities on people's vulnerability to drug-related harm.
Evidence-Based
Strategies are grounded in scientific research and real-world evidence of what works to reduce harm and save lives.
Affirms Human Dignity
Treats all people with dignity and respect regardless of their drug use status, avoiding stigmatizing language and behaviors.
Non-Coercive
Does not force people into treatment or require they stop using drugs to receive services and support.
Establishes Quality of Life
Focuses on improving quality of life and well-being, not solely on abstinence as the measure of success.
Common Harm Reduction Services
Syringe Services Programs (SSPs)
Also known as needle exchanges, SSPs provide sterile syringes and collect used ones to prevent the spread of HIV, Hepatitis C, and other bloodborne diseases. Research shows SSPs reduce disease transmission without increasing drug use.
Naloxone Distribution
Naloxone (Narcan) is a medication that rapidly reverses opioid overdose. Many harm reduction agencies distribute naloxone at no cost along with training on how to recognize and respond to an overdose. Many programs also mail no-cost kits directly to you.
Drug Checking Services
Fentanyl test strips and other drug checking technologies help people know what's in their drugs before use, allowing them to make informed decisions and reduce overdose risk.
Peer Support
Trained peers with lived experience provide support, reduce isolation, and connect people to services. Peer support has been shown to improve engagement with healthcare and recovery outcomes.
Harm Reduction Saves Lives
Reduction in HIV transmission with SSPs
Overdose reversals by bystanders with naloxone (2021)
More likely to enter treatment when connected through SSPs